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Philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. Amongst its central questions are the difference between science and non-science , the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose and meaning of science as a human endeavour.
A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be or that has been repeatedly tested and has corroborating evidence in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results.
The Kuhn-Popper debate was a debate surrounding research methods and the advancement of scientific knowledge. In 1965, at the University of London's International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper engaged in a debate that circled around three main areas of disagreement. [1]
Relationalism, in the broadest sense, applies to any system of thought that gives importance to the relational nature of reality.In its narrower and more philosophically restricted sense, as propounded by the Indian philosopher Joseph Kaipayil [1] [2] [3] and others, relationalism refers to the theory of reality that interprets the existence, nature, and meaning of things in terms of their ...
The relationship between religion and science involves discussions that interconnect the study of the natural world, history, philosophy, and theology. Even though the ancient and medieval worlds did not have conceptions resembling the modern understandings of "science" or of "religion", [ 1 ] certain elements of modern ideas on the subject ...
A philosophical theory or philosophical position [1] [page needed] is a view that attempts to explain or account for a particular problem in philosophy. [ citation needed ] The use of the term "theory" is a statement of colloquial English and not a technical term. [ 2 ]
Another definition is defended by philosophers like Armstrong, who hold that a relation is internal if it is necessitated by the properties or the intrinsic features of the relata. [40] David K. Lewis provides a slightly different formulation by claiming that internal relations supervene on the intrinsic properties of their elements. [41]
In the philosophy of science, structuralism (also known as scientific structuralism [1] or as the structuralistic theory-concept) [2] asserts that all aspects of reality are best understood in terms of empirical scientific constructs of entities and their relations, rather than in terms of concrete entities in themselves. [3]