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Data science is multifaceted and can be described as a science, a research paradigm, a research method, a discipline, a workflow, and a profession. [ 4 ] Data science is "a concept to unify statistics , data analysis , informatics , and their related methods " to "understand and analyze actual phenomena " with data . [ 5 ]
In machine learning and pattern recognition, a feature is an individual measurable property or characteristic of a data set. [1] Choosing informative, discriminating, and independent features is crucial to produce effective algorithms for pattern recognition, classification, and regression tasks.
Feature engineering in machine learning and statistical modeling involves selecting, creating, transforming, and extracting data features. Key components include feature creation from existing data, transforming and imputing missing or invalid features, reducing data dimensionality through methods like Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and Linear ...
Data science process flowchart from Doing Data Science, by Schutt & O'Neil (2013) Analysis refers to dividing a whole into its separate components for individual examination. [ 10 ] Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data , and subsequently converting it into information useful for decision-making by users. [ 1 ]
False position method — secant method with ideas from the bisection method; Muller's method — based on quadratic interpolation at last three iterates; Sidi's generalized secant method — higher-order variants of secant method; Inverse quadratic interpolation — similar to Muller's method, but interpolates the inverse
Social data scientists use both digitized data [22] (e.g. old books that have been digitized) and natively digital data (e.g. social media posts). [23] Since such data often take the form of found data that were originally produced for other purposes (commercial, governance, etc.) than research, data scraping, cleaning and other forms of preprocessing and data mining occupy a substantial part ...
[4] [5] An emerging branch of Citizen Science are Community Mapping projects that utilize smartphone and tablet technology. For example, TurtleSAT [6] is a community mapping project that is mapping freshwater turtle deaths throughout Australia. This list of citizen science projects involves projects that engage all age groups.
It is also supported by a strong theoretical foundation. Numeric experiments showed that the method can achieve a close-to-optimal solution even when data contains >1M irrelevant features. Recommender system based on feature selection. [76] The feature selection methods are introduced into recommender system research.