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Thought suppression is a psychoanalytical defense mechanism. It is a type of motivated forgetting in which an individual consciously attempts to stop thinking about a particular thought. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is often associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). [ 3 ]
Ironic process theory (IPT), also known as the Pink elephant paradox [1] or White bear phenomenon, suggests that when an individual intentionally tries to avoid thinking a certain thought or feeling a certain emotion, a paradoxical effect is produced: the attempted avoidance not only fails in its object but in fact causes the thought or emotion to occur more frequently and more intensely. [2]
Three months after the experiment was over, around 80% of participants said they had continued to use the thought suppression techniques they learned in the study to control their fears.
Thought suppression just refers to trying not to think of something; this is not to be confused with thought stopping, which involves interrupting one's own cognitive patterns. Thought suppression has mainly been studied using arbitrary thoughts (such as that of a white bear [ 9 ] ) making it unrepresentative of real problematic thoughts that ...
The efficacy of suppression was an interesting find, says Dr. Lewis-Peacock. “The most effective way to stop thinking about something is to engage with it,” he says. “Focusing on the thing ...
Exposure-based therapy techniques have been shown to be effective in treating a wide range of psychiatric disorders. [10] Numerous self-report studies have linked EA and related constructs (avoidance coping, thought suppression) to psychopathology and other forms of dysfunction. [19] [20] [21] [22]
Another factor that determines how much we use counterfactual thought is how close we were to an alternative outcome. This is especially true when there is a negative outcome that was this close to a positive outcome. For example, in a study by Meyers-Levy and Maheswaran, subjects were more likely to counterfactual think alternative ...
Psychological projection is a defence mechanism of alterity concerning "inside" content mistaken to be coming from the "outside" Other. [1] It forms the basis of empathy by the projection of personal experiences to understand someone else's subjective world. [1]