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Japanese verbs, like the verbs of many other languages, can be morphologically modified to change their meaning or grammatical function – a process known as conjugation. In Japanese , the beginning of a word (the stem ) is preserved during conjugation, while the ending of the word is altered in some way to change the meaning (this is the ...
English: Aeron Buchanan's Japanese Verb Chart: a concise summary of Japanese verb conjugation, handily formatted to fit onto one sheet of A4. Also includes irregulars, adjectives and confusing verbs. Also includes irregulars, adjectives and confusing verbs.
Japanese pronouns (代名詞, daimeishi) are words in the Japanese language used to address or refer to present people or things, where present means people or things that can be pointed at. The position of things (far away, nearby) and their role in the current interaction (goods, addresser, addressee , bystander) are features of the meaning ...
Conversely, pronouns are closed classes in Western languages but open classes in Japanese and some other East Asian languages. In a few cases historically, and much more commonly recently, new verbs are created by appending the suffix -ru ( 〜る ) to a noun or using it to replace the end of a word.
The subjunctive (also known as conjunctive in some languages) is a grammatical mood, a feature of an utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.Subjunctive forms of verbs are typically used to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, obligation, or action that has not yet occurred; the precise situations in which they are used ...
While irregular compared to the -suru conjugation scheme, 愛す ai-su and other -su verbs are actually conjugated as regular Godan (Group 1) verbs. Similarly, the -jiru verbs mentioned above are conjugated as regular Ichidan (Group 2) verbs. Some single-kanji する verbs have irregular passive conjugations which stem from classical Japanese.
The conjugations of the indicative perfect past and the indicative imperfect past are derived from participles (just like the past tense formation in Slavic languages) and hence they agree with the grammatical number and the gender of noun which the pronoun refers to and not the pronoun itself. The perfect past doubles as the perfective aspect ...
Yōon are represented in hiragana using a kana ending in i, such as き (ki) or に (ni), plus a smaller version of one of the three y kana, ya, yu or yo. For example, 今日 ( kyō , "today") is written きょう [ kʲoo ], using a small version of the よ kana.