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  2. Economic history of Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Africa

    The Chaining of a Continent: Export Demand for Captives and the History of Africa South of the Sahara, 1450–1870 Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 1992. Inikori, Joseph E. and Engerman, Stanley (Eds.) The Atlantic Slave Trade Effects on Economies, Societies, and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Durham: Duke ...

  3. Pre-colonial trade routes in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-colonial_trade_routes...

    The pre-colonial trade routes and networks in Africa were extensive and sophisticated, connecting various regions of the continent and facilitating the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas. These routes played a crucial role in the development of African civilizations , fostering economic prosperity and cultural exchange long before European ...

  4. Classical African civilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_African_civilization

    The terms African civilizations, also classical African civilizations, or African empires are terms that generally refer to the various pre-colonial African kingdoms.The civilizations usually include Egypt, Carthage, Axum, [1] Numidia, and Nubia, [1] but may also be extended to the prehistoric Land of Punt and others: Kingdom of Dagbon, the Empire of Ashanti, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Mali ...

  5. List of kingdoms and empires in African history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_and...

    There were many kingdoms and empires in all regions of the continent of Africa throughout history. A kingdom is a state with a king or queen as its head. [1] An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant centre and subordinate peripheries".

  6. History of Nigeria (1500–1800) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Nigeria_(1500...

    The history of the territories which since ca. 1900 have been known under the name of Nigeria during the pre-colonial period (16th to 18th centuries) was dominated by several powerful West African kingdoms or empires, such as the Benin Kingdom, Oyo Empire and the Islamic Kanem-Bornu Empire in the northeast.

  7. Pre-colonial history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-colonial_history_of...

    Paths in the Rainforests: Toward a History of Political Tradition in Equatorial Africa. Oxford: James Currey. ISBN 9780852550748. Vansina, Jan (2005). How Societies are Born: Governance in West Central Africa before 1600. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 9780813922805. Vansina, Jan (1978).

  8. History of Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Africa

    [18] [19] European colonialism had significant impacts on Africa's societies, and colonies were maintained for the purpose of economic exploitation of human and natural resources. Colonial histories were written under the pretence of white supremacism , with Africans considered racially inferior and their viewpoint ignored.

  9. Medieval and early modern Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_and_early_modern...

    The Great Mosque of Kairouan (also known as the Mosque of Uqba), first built in 670 by the Umayyad general Uqba Ibn Nafi, is the oldest and most prestigious mosque in the Maghreb and North Africa, [52] located in the city of Kairouan, Tunisia. By 711 AD, the Umayyad Caliphate had conquered all of North Africa. By the 10th century, the majority ...