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Borage plant flowers. Borage seed oil is derived from the seeds of the plant, Borago officinalis (borage). [1] Borage seed oil has one of the highest amounts of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) of seed oils — higher than blackcurrant seed oil or evening primrose oil, to which it is considered similar. GLA is typically composed of about 24% of the oil.
Normal safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil does not contain GLA, but a genetically modified GLA safflower oil available in commercial quantities since 2011 contains 40% GLA. [5] Borage oil contains 20% GLA, evening primrose oil ranges from 8% to 10% GLA, and black-currant oil contains 15–20%. [6] The human body produces GLA from linoleic ...
The main phytochemical in this evening primrose seed oil is gamma-linolenic acid. [21] There is no high-quality scientific evidence that O. biennis or evening primrose oil has any effect on human diseases or promotion of health, [21] [22] and specifically no evidence that it is effective to treat atopic dermatitis or cancer.
The primrose moth (Schinia florida) is a common consumer of Oenothera biennis. The adults lay eggs on the flower, and the emerging caterpillars feed on the plant. Pink wing tips reveal Schinia florida in the flower of the evening primrose. Primrose moth, Schinia florida, on an evening primrose, petals have been removed to reveal the insect.
Borage seed oil, blackcurrant seed oil, and evening primrose oil all have a significant amount of gamma-Linolenic acid (GLA) (about 23%, 15–20% and 7–10%, respectively), and it is this that has drawn the interest of researchers. Açaí oil, from the fruit of several species of the Açaí palm (Euterpe) grown in the Amazon region. [54] [55]
Healthy adults typically produce ample GLA from dietary linoleic acid, but borage seed oil is often marketed as a GLA supplement, under the names "starflower oil" or "borage oil". The leaves contain small amounts (2–10 ppm in the dried herb) of the liver-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) intermedine , lycopsamine , amabiline , and supinine ...
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