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Fluoroquinolones are often used for genitourinary tract infections [5] and are widely used in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections associated with urinary catheters. In community-acquired infections , they are recommended only when risk factors for multidrug resistance are present or after other antibiotic regimens have failed.
Like all fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone carboxylic acid. It is a chiral molecule and the pure (−)-( S )- enantiomer of the racemic drug ofloxacin . [ 57 ] [ 58 ] [ 59 ] This enantiomer binds more effectively to the DNA gyrase enzyme and to topoisomerase IV than its (+)-( R )-counterpart. [ 54 ]
The overall frequency of fluoroquinolone-associated Achilles tendon rupture in patients treated with ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin has been estimated at 17 per 100,000 treatments. [21] [22] Risk is substantially elevated in the elderly and in those with recent exposure to topical or systemic corticosteroid therapy.
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Marbofloxacin is a carboxylic acid derivative third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine under the brand names Marbocyl , Forcyl, Marbo vet and Zeniquin . A formulation of marbofloxacin combined with clotrimazole and dexamethasone is available under the name Aurizon ( CAS number 115550-35-1).
Like other fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin chelates metals including aluminum, magnesium, sucralfate, iron, zinc, and divalent and trivalent cations like didanosine; using this drugs with antacids, some dietary supplements, or drugs buffered with any of these ions will interfere with available amounts of delafloxacin.
[5] [3] [1] [2] [8] Topical gels are more stable than creams and ointments, and can adhere well to the site of application. [5] [2] They form an occlusive layer on the application site that can act as a form of protection. [5] They can be washed off easily and are nontoxic due to their unique composition and structure.
Nadifloxacin inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase that is involved in bacterial DNA synthesis and replication, thus inhibiting the bacterial multiplication. Nadifloxacin in addition to determine a therapeutic antibacterial action, can have a sebostatic and anti-inflammatory action, thus contributing to the improvement of the clinical condition of the patient.