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A dendritic cell (DC) is an antigen-presenting cell (also known as an accessory cell) of the mammalian immune system.A DC's main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system.
Generally, properties of all types of dendritic cells can be highly affected by local micro-environment such as presence of pro or anti-inflammatory cytokines, therefore tolerogenic properties of tol-DCs are often context dependant and can be even eventually overridden into pro-inflammatory phenotype.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare type of myeloid cancer in which malignant pDCs infiltrate the skin, bone marrow, central nervous system, and other tissues. Typically, the disease presents with skin lesions (e.g. nodules, tumors, papules , bruise-like patches, and/or ulcers) that most often occur on the head, face ...
Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are cells of the immune system found in primary and secondary lymph follicles (lymph nodes) of the B cell areas of the lymphoid tissue. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Unlike dendritic cells (DC), FDCs are not derived from the bone-marrow hematopoietic stem cell , but are of mesenchymal origin. [ 4 ]
The dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine is an innovation in therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells for the induction of antigen specific T cell response. [1] DC-based immunotherapy is safe and can promote antitumor immune responses and prolonged survival of cancer patients. [2]
There are two dendritic cells subtypes; plasmacytoid (pDC) and myeloid (mDC) dendritic cells. pDCs are found within the blood and are able to cross present antigens directly or from neighboring apoptotic cells, but the main physiological significance of pDCs is the secretion of type I IFN in response to viral infections.
In females, the dendritic structure can change as a result of physiological conditions induced by hormones during periods such as pregnancy, lactation, and following the estrous cycle. This is particularly visible in pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where the density of dendrites can vary up to 30%. [14]
Tolerogenic therapies employ the inbuilt tolerance mechanisms of a class of immune cells called dendritic cells. [3] Dendritic cells are divided into two main subsets: Mature dendritic cells are immunogenic. Their physiological role is to bridge innate and adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens to T-lymphocytes. In the presence of an ...