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For a real-valued function of a single real variable, the derivative of a function at a point generally determines the best linear approximation to the function at that point. Differential calculus and integral calculus are connected by the fundamental theorem of calculus. This states that differentiation is the reverse process to integration.
The coordinate functions are real-valued functions, so the above definition of derivative applies to them. The derivative of y ( t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {y} (t)} is defined to be the vector , called the tangent vector , whose coordinates are the derivatives of the coordinate functions.
The derivative f′(x) of a curve at a point is the slope (rise over run) of the line tangent to that curve at that point. Differential calculus is the study of the definition, properties, and applications of the derivative of a function. The process of finding the derivative is called differentiation. Given a function and a point in the domain ...
If f and g are real-valued (or complex-valued) functions, then taking the limit of an operation on f(x) and g(x) (e.g., f + g, f − g, f × g, f / g, f g) under certain conditions is compatible with the operation of limits of f(x) and g(x). This fact is often called the algebraic limit theorem. The main condition needed to apply the following ...
One-sided limit: either of the two limits of functions of a real variable x, as x approaches a point from above or below; List of limits: list of limits for common functions; Squeeze theorem: finds a limit of a function via comparison with two other functions; Limit superior and limit inferior; Modes of convergence. An annotated index
The consequence of the first difference is the difference in the definition of the limit and differentiation. Directional limits and derivatives define the limit and differential along a 1D parametrized curve, reducing the problem to the 1D case. Further higher-dimensional objects can be constructed from these operators.
In quaternionic analysis, derivatives can be defined in a similar way to real and complex functions. Since the quaternions H {\displaystyle \mathbb {H} } are not commutative, the limit of the difference quotient yields two different derivatives: A left derivative
Discrete differential calculus is the study of the definition, properties, and applications of the difference quotient of a function. The process of finding the difference quotient is called differentiation.