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Empagliflozin, sold under the brand name Jardiance (/ ˈ dʒ ɑːr d i ə n s / JAR-dee-əns), among others, is an antidiabetic medication used to improve glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. [12] [2] [14] It is taken by mouth. [2]
Dapagliflozin, (brand name Forxiga), was approved by the EU in 2012, the first SGLT2 inhibitor approved anywhere. [28] It was approved for use in the United States under the brand name Farxiga in January 2014. [29] Empagliflozin, approved in the United States in August 2014, under the brand name Jardiance by Boehringer Ingelheim. [30]
Dapagliflozin is used along with diet, exercise, and usually with other glucose-lowering medications, to improve glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. . Dapagliflozin, in addition to other SGLT2-inhibitors, was shown to reduce the rate of decline in kidney function and kidney failure in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic adults when added to the existing treatment
To reduce the risk of developing ketoacidosis (a serious condition where the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones) after surgery, the FDA has approved changes to the prescribing information for SGLT2 inhibitor diabetes medications, recommending they be temporarily stopped before scheduled surgery.
Empagliflozin/metformin was approved for use in the European Union in May 2015. [6] Empagliflozin/metformin was approved for use in the United States in August 2015. [7] [12] The extended release version was approved for use in the United States in December 2016. [13] [14] Empagliflozin/metformin was approved for use in Australia in May 2020. [2]
However, no inferior efficacy of 10 mg dapagliflozin was shown when used as an add-on therapy to metformin, compared with glipizide after use for 52 weeks. 10 mg of dapagliflozin showed neither inferior efficacy compared with metformin when both of the medicines were given as monotherapy for 24 weeks.
The most common side effects include urinary infections, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infections . [5] [6] The most serious side effects include ketoacidosis (high blood levels of acids called ‘ketoacids’), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), hypersensitivity (allergic reactions) and hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar levels).
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood.With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.