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Hallmarks include information not only about the precious metal and fineness, but the country from which the item was tested and marked. Some hallmarks can reveal even more information, e.g. the assay office, size of the object marked, year the item was hallmarked - referred to as a date mark (also known as date letter). [2]
Later French headstamps mark the 1-digit Quarter of the year of production and 2-digit Year at the 12-o'clock position (e.g. Q-YY), the letter code for the metal supplier for the case at the 3-o'clock position, the cartridge caliber and model at the 6-o'clock position, and the manufacturer at the 9-o'clock position.
The BIS system of hallmarking of gold jewellery began in April 2000. The standard specifications governing this system are IS 1417 (grades of gold and gold alloys, jewellery/artefacts), IS 1418 (assaying of gold in gold bullion, gold alloys and gold jewellery/artefacts), IS 2790 (guidelines for manufacture of 14, 18 and 22 carat gold alloys only ), IS 3095 (gold solders for use in manufacture ...
GMGX - M and G Polymers USA; GMHX - General American Marks Company; GMTX - General American Marks Company; GMIX - Chicago Freight Car Leasing Company; GMO - Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad, Illinois Central Gulf Railroad, Illinois Central, Canadian National Railway; GMRC - Green Mountain Railroad; GMRY - Great Miami and Scioto Railway; GMSR ...
Westmoreland was known to use primarily two marks on their products. The first mark was a "W" found inside of a Keystone which can be found from the period of 1910 through the mid 1940s. The second mark, which is the more commonly known by collectors and dealers, is the intertwined W and G that Westmoreland began to use in 1946 on most of the ...
Chop marks were also used on copper-alloy U.K. Large Pennies, U.S. Large Cents and other copper coins of Europe, Central, South and North America and have Hindu, Chinese, Japanese and Arabic nation's chopmarks as well as English alphabet chop marks from British and American Merchants in Hong Kong from the 1830s to 1960s when world silver coins ...
The four wardens of the Goldsmiths’ Company were tasked with visiting workshops in the City of London to assay (test) silver articles. If these articles were found to be below standard they were originally forfeit to the king, but if they passed, each article received the king's mark of authentication which was the mark of a leopard's head.
The Della Robbia mark is usually handwritten on the base of pieces with a ship device, and often the initials of the designer and decorator, and sometimes the date. Example initials include: C for Charles Collis; C.A.W. for Cassandia Annie Walker; C.M. for Carlo Manzoni; E.W. and E.M.W. for Emily Margaret Wood; L.W. for Liza Wilkins; R.B for ...