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The page to be moved to this name is Bottom–up and top–down design Reason for move: Per talk page, these are compound adjectives and should have hyphens, not dashes. Asserted to be non-controversial maintenance.
Community development planning consists of a public participatory and usually interactive form of town or neighborhood planning and design in which diverse community members (often termed “stakeholders”) contribute toward formulation of the goals, objectives, planning, fund/resource identification and direction, planned project implementations and reevaluation of documented local planning ...
PD has become an increasingly accepted method of development practice and is employed by a variety of organizations. [2] It is often presented as an alternative to mainstream "top-down" development. [2] There is some question about the proper definition of PD as it varies depending on the perspective applied.
Hoshin Kanri is a top-down approach, with the goals being mandated by management and the implementation being performed by employees. As a result, systems need to be in place to ensure that objectives from senior management are effectively communicated all the way down the chain of command . [ 5 ]
The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines LED as "a participatory development process that encourages partnership arrangements between the main private and public stakeholders of a defined territory, enabling the joint design and implementation of a common development strategy, by making use of the local resources and competitive ...
Top-down reading, is a part of reading science that explains the reader's psycholinguistic strategies in using grammatical and lexical knowledge for comprehension rather than linearly decoding texts. Top-down proteomics, a method for protein analysis; Top-down effects, effects of population density on a resource in a soil food web
As a design tool, they aid the programmer in dividing and conquering a large software problem, that is, recursively breaking a problem down into parts that are small enough to be understood by a human brain. The process is called top-down design, or functional decomposition. Programmers use a structure chart to build a program in a manner ...
Strategic design is the application of future-oriented design principles in order to increase an organization's innovative and competitive qualities. Its foundations lie in the analysis of external and internal trends and data, which enables design decisions to be made on the basis of facts rather than aesthetics or intuition.