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Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals. [2] It is a tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain and cysteine .
Myricetin is a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenolic compounds, with antioxidant properties. [1] Common dietary sources [2] include vegetables (including tomatoes), fruits (including oranges), nuts, berries, tea, [3] and red wine.
Sinecatechins, the first botanical drug approved by the US FDA, is an extract from the leaves of Camellia sinensis.. A botanical drug is defined in the United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as a botanical product that is marketed as diagnosing, mitigating, treating, or curing a disease; a botanical product in turn, is a finished, labeled product that contains ingredients from plants.
Phytochelatin binds to Pb ions leading to sequestration of Pb ions in plants and thus serves as an important component of the detoxification mechanism in plants. [6] Phytochelatin seems to be transported into the vacuole of plants, so that the metal ions it carries are stored safely away from the proteins of the cytosol .
Genetically modified crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. As of 2015, 26 plant species have been genetically modified and approved for commercial release in at ...
Glutathione synthetase (GSS) (EC 6.3.2.3) is the second enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway. It catalyses the condensation of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine, to form glutathione. [2] Glutathione synthetase is also a potent antioxidant. It is found in many species including bacteria, yeast, mammals, and plants. [3]
Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is a sulfoximine derivative which reduces levels of glutathione and is being investigated as an adjunct with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. [1] The compound inhibits gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase , the enzyme required in the first step of glutathione synthesis .
The glutathione-ascorbate cycle. Abbreviations are defined in the text. The ascorbate-glutathione cycle, sometimes Foyer-Halliwell-Asada pathway, is a metabolic pathway that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), a reactive oxygen species that is produced as a waste product in metabolism.