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Indian Ocean trade has been a key factor in East–West exchanges throughout history. Long-distance maritime trade by Austronesian trade ships and South Asian and Middle Eastern dhows, made it a dynamic zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretching from Southeast Asia to East and Southeast Africa, and the East Mediterranean in the West, in prehistoric and early ...
Indian maritime history begins during the 3rd millennium BCE when inhabitants of the Indus Valley initiated maritime trading contact with Mesopotamia. [1] India's long coastline, which occurred due to the protrusion of India's Deccan Plateau, helped it to make new trade relations with the Europeans, especially the Greeks, and the length of its coastline on the Indian Ocean is partly a reason ...
The Three Crowned Kings, [a] were the triumvirate of Chera, Chola and Pandya who dominated the politics of the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, from their three Nadu (countries) of Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu (present day Madurai and Tirunelveli) and Chera Nadu (present day Kerala and some parts of Tamilnadu) in southern India.
Some trade guilds, such as the Nagarathar and Kavarai, met only in the temple premises. [7] Some trade guilds were very powerful and decided the fortunes of the kingdom. One example is the trade guild of Nanadeshis who not only financed local development projects and temple-constructions but also lent money to the kings.
Although ancient India had a significant urban population, much of India's population resided in villages, whose economies were largely isolated and self-sustaining. [citation needed] Agriculture was the predominant occupation and satisfied a village's food requirements while providing raw materials for hand-based industries such as textile, food processing and crafts.
Pliny the Elder gives a description of voyages to India in the 1st century AD. He refers to many Indian ports in his The Natural History. [40] However, by the time of Pliny, Muziris was no longer a favoured location in Roman trade dealing with South India. [41] To those who are bound for India, Ocelis (on the Red Sea) is
During Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road trade era, two distinct types of trade in the subcontinent were controlled by merchant leaders such as shreshthis and sarthavahas.The shreshthis has their business in the towns and villages and fulfilled the need of the local region while the sarthavahas, also known as caravan leaders, travelled from place to place trading in both indigenous and foreign ...
In return the Dutch East India Company was given facilities for trade at Kozhikode and Ponnani, including spacious storehouses. [26] It provided for a mutual alliance between the Zamorin and the Dutch to expel the Portuguese from Indian soil. In return, they were given facilities for trade at Calicut, including spacious storehouses.