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Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the official national motto of Indonesia. It is inscribed in the national emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila, written on the scroll gripped by the Garuda's claws. The phrase comes from Old Javanese, meaning "Unity in Diversity," and is enshrined in article 36A of the Constitution of Indonesia. The motto refers to ...
After Indonesia declared independence in 1945, the certificate of residence was replaced with the Indonesian Citizenship Certificate (Surat Tanda Kewarganegaraan Indonesia). This document was partly typed and partly handwritten. It was in use from 1945 to 1977. [3] It was a paper card without any laminate.
The coat of arms [2] or national emblem of Indonesia is called Garuda Pancasila in Indonesian. [3] The main part is the Garuda with a heraldic shield on its chest and a scroll gripped by its legs. The shield's five emblems represent Pancasila , the five principles of Indonesia's national ideology .
The written history of Indonesia encompasses 800 years, spanning some 400 now autonomous regions and including in the boundaries of the archipelagic country around 18,000 islands. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] For centuries before European colonization, the various islands were linked either by trade or familial ties and at various times shared rulers.
The regions of Indonesia have some of their indigenous ethnic groups. Due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise), there are significant populations of ethnic groups who reside outside of their traditional regions. Java: Javanese, Sundanese, Betawi, Bantenese, Tengger, Osing, Badui, and others.
Nationalism grew in Indonesia starting after the emergence of Islamic Unions. Budi Oetomo, which was formed earlier, was an "elite" organization so that it did not contribute to fostering nationalism throughout society. The Sarekat Islam (Islamic Union) made various efforts in fostering nationalism throughout the Dutch East Indies at that time.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi inspects guard of honor wearing traditional clothing of Indonesia at Merdeka Palace, Jakarta. The national costume of Indonesia (Indonesian: Pakaian Nasional Indonesia) is the national attire that represents the Republic of Indonesia. It is derived from Indonesian culture and Indonesian traditional textile ...
There are more than 600 ethnic groups [1] in the multicultural Indonesian archipelago, making it one of the most diverse countries in the world. The vast majority of these belong to the Austronesian peoples, concentrated in western and central Indonesia (), with a sizable minority are Melanesian peoples concentrated in eastern Indonesia ().