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The main ingredients of an electroless nickel plating bath are source of nickel cations Ni 2+, usually nickel sulfate and a suitable reducing agent, such as hypophosphite H 2 PO − 2 or borohydride BH − 4. [1] With hypophosphite, the main reaction that produces the nickel plating yields orthophosphite H 2 PO − 3, elemental phosphorus ...
Metallized plastics are used to reduce the weight of metal product and reduce the cost associated with the use of precious metals. [27] Electroless nickel plating is used in variety of industries including aviation, construction, textiles, and oil and gas industries. [9]
Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG or ENi/IAu), also known as immersion gold (Au), chemical Ni/Au or soft gold, is a metal plating process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improve the solderability of copper contacts and plated through-holes.
Nickel electroplating is a process of depositing nickel onto a metal part. Parts to be plated must be clean and free of dirt, corrosion, and defects before plating can begin. [3] To clean and protect the part during the plating process, a combination of heat treating, cleaning, masking, pickling, and etching may be used. [1]
Electroless nickel-boron plating developed as a variant of the similar nickel-phosphorus process, discovered accidentally by Charles Adolphe Wurtz in 1844. [2]In 1969, Harold Edward Bellis from DuPont filed a patent for a general class of electroless plating processes using sodium borohydride, dimethylamine borane, or sodium hypophosphite, in the presence of thallium salts, thus producing a ...
Electroless processes are widely used to deposit nickel-phosphorus or nickel-boron alloys for wear and corrosion resistance, silver for mirror-making, copper for printed circuit boards, and many more. A major advantage of these processes over electroplating is that they can produce coatings of uniform thickness over surfaces of arbitrary shape ...
Much of the chrome plating done in aerospace industry can be replaced with electroless nickel plating, again environmental costs, costs of hexavalent chromium waste disposal and notorious tendency of uneven current distribution favor electroless nickel plating. [13] Electroless nickel plating is self-catalyzing process, the resultant nickel ...
In different applications, electrolytic or electroless plating can have cost advantages. At higher frequencies, the skin effect may cause higher losses due to higher electrical resistance of nickel; a nickel-plated trace can have its useful length shortened three times in the 1 GHz band in comparison with the non-plated one. Selective plating ...
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