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The IBM Personal Computer XT (model 5160, often shortened to PC/XT) is the second computer in the IBM Personal Computer line, released on March 8, 1983. [1] Except for the addition of a built-in hard drive and extra expansion slots, it is very similar to the original IBM PC model 5150 from 1981.
The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, spanned multiple models in its first generation (including the PCjr, the Portable PC, the XT, the AT, the Convertible, and the /370 systems, among others), from 1981 to 1987. It eventually gave way to many splintering product lines after IBM introduced the Personal System/2 in April 1987.
The IBM PC, XT, and most compatibles based on the 8088 or 8086 had a socket for the optional 8087 coprocessor. The AT and 80286 -based systems were generally socketed for the 80287 , and 80386/80386SX -based machines – for the 80387 and 80387SX respectively, although early ones were socketed for the 80287, since the 80387 did not exist yet.
IBM 5162: IBM Personal Computer XT/286; IBM 5271: IBM 3270 PC—1983; IBM 5160 Model 588: PC XT/370, a PC XT with a special add-in card containing an Intel 8087 math coprocessor and two modified Motorola 68000 chips to execute/emulate the System/370 instructions—1983. IBM 5155: IBM Portable—1984; IBM 4860: IBM PCjr—1984
The original IBM PC included a socket for the Intel 8087 floating-point coprocessor (aka FPU) which was a popular option for people using the PC for computer-aided design or mathematics-intensive calculations. In that architecture, the coprocessor speeds up floating-point arithmetic on the order of fiftyfold.
The 8086 [3] (also called iAPX 86) [4] is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and June 8, 1978, when it was released. The Intel 8088, released July 1, 1979, [5] is a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus (allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting ICs), [note 1] and is notable as the processor used in the original IBM PC design.
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Ralf Brown's Interrupt List (aka RBIL, x86 Interrupt List, MS-DOS Interrupt List or INTER) is a comprehensive list of interrupts, calls, hooks, interfaces, data structures, CMOS settings, memory and port addresses, as well as processor opcodes for x86 machines from the 1981 IBM PC up to 2000 (including many clones), [1] [2] [nb 1] most of it still applying to IBM PC compatibles today.