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The lateralization of brain function (or hemispheric dominance [1] [2] / lateralization [3] [4]) is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other.
Each cerebral hemisphere has an outer layer of cerebral cortex which is of grey matter and in the interior of the cerebral hemispheres is an inner layer or core of white matter known as the centrum semiovale. [3] The interior portion of the hemispheres of the cerebrum includes the lateral ventricles, the basal ganglia, and the white matter. [4]
In split-brain patients, the corpus callosum is cut, severing the main structure for communication between the two hemispheres. The first modern split-brain patient was a war veteran known as Patient W.J., [10] whose case contributed to further understanding of asymmetry. Brain asymmetry is not unique to humans.
The Halstead–Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (HRNB) and allied procedures is a comprehensive suite of neuropsychological tests used to assess the condition and functioning of the brain, including etiology, type (diffuse vs. specific), localization and lateralization of brain injury.
The effect shuts down any language and/or memory function in that hemisphere in order to evaluate the other hemisphere. An EEG recording at the same time confirms that the injected side of the brain is inactive as a neurologist performs a neurological examination. The neurologist engages the patient in a series of language and memory related tests.
The "dichotic fused words test" (DFWT) is a modified version of the basic dichotic listening test. It was originally explored by Johnson et al. (1977) [25] but in the early 80's Wexler and Hawles (1983) [26] modified this original test to ascertain more accurate data pertaining to hemispheric specialization of language function.
Visual information can be transferred from one cerebral hemisphere to the other in as little as 3ms, [8] [9] so any task differences greater than 3ms may represent asymmetries in neural dynamics that are more complex than a single hemisphere's simple dominance for a particular task. Moreover, the divided visual field technique represents a ...
a) The right hemisphere has more control over emotion than left hemisphere. [n 2] b) The right hemisphere is dominant in emotional expression in a similar way that the left hemisphere is dominant in language. c) The right hemisphere is dominant in the perception of facial expression, body posture, and prosody.
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