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  2. Principia Mathematica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principia_Mathematica

    G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician's Apology (1940) He [Russell] said once, after some contact with the Chinese language, that he was horrified to find that the language of Principia Mathematica was an Indo-European one. John Edensor Littlewood, Littlewood's Miscellany (1986) The Principia Mathematica (often abbreviated PM) is a three-volume work on the foundations of mathematics written by ...

  3. Grandi's series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandi's_series

    Grandi's series. In mathematics, the infinite series 11 + 11 + ⋯, also written. is sometimes called Grandi's series, after Italian mathematician, philosopher, and priest Guido Grandi, who gave a memorable treatment of the series in 1703. It is a divergent series, meaning that the sequence of partial sums of the series does not converge.

  4. Euler's identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_identity

    Euler's identity asserts that is equal to −1. The expression e i π {\displaystyle e^{i\pi }} is a special case of the expression e z {\displaystyle e^{z}} , where z is any complex number . In general, e z {\displaystyle e^{z}} is defined for complex z by extending one of the definitions of the exponential function from real exponents to ...

  5. Mathematical fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_fallacy

    In mathematics, certain kinds of mistaken proof are often exhibited, and sometimes collected, as illustrations of a concept called mathematical fallacy.There is a distinction between a simple mistake and a mathematical fallacy in a proof, in that a mistake in a proof leads to an invalid proof while in the best-known examples of mathematical fallacies there is some element of concealment or ...

  6. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ⋯ - ⋯ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%2B_2_%2B_3_%2B_4_%2B_%E...

    The partial sums of the series 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + ⋯ are 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, etc.The nth partial sum is given by a simple formula: = = (+). This equation was known ...

  7. History of algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_algebra

    For example, the rhetorical form of + = is "The thing plus one equals two" or possibly "The thing plus 1 equals 2". Rhetorical algebra was first developed by the ancient Babylonians and remained dominant up to the 16th century.

  8. 2 + 2 = 5 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_+_2_=_5

    [17] Moreover, the slogan "two plus two equals five", is the title of the collection of absurdist short stories Deux et deux font cinq (Two and Two Make Five, 1895), by Alphonse Allais; [1] and the title of the imagist art manifesto 2 x 2 = 5 (1920), by the poet Vadim Shershenevich. [2]

  9. Binary number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number

    e. A binary number is a number expressed in the base -2 numeral system or binary numeral system, a method for representing numbers that uses only two symbols for the natural numbers: typically "0" (zero) and "1" (one). A binary number may also refer to a rational number that has a finite representation in the binary numeral system, that is, the ...