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2. Combinatorial search - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatorial_search

   Combinatorial search. In computer science and artificial intelligence, combinatorial search studies search algorithms for solving instances of problems that are believed to be hard in general, by efficiently exploring the usually large solution space of these instances. Combinatorial search algorithms achieve this efficiency by reducing the ...

3. Codomain - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codomain

   In mathematics, a codomain or set of destination of a function is a set into which all of the output of the function is constrained to fall. It is the set Y in the notation f: X → Y. The term range is sometimes ambiguously used to refer to either the codomain or the image of a function. A codomain is part of a function f if f is defined as a ...

4. Predicate (mathematical logic) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(mathematical_logic)

   A predicate is a statement or mathematical assertion that contains variables, sometimes referred to as predicate variables, and may be true or false depending on those variables’ value or values. In propositional logic, atomic formulas are sometimes regarded as zero-place predicates. [1] In a sense, these are nullary (i.e. 0- arity) predicates.

5. Strong duality - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_duality

   Strong duality is a condition in mathematical optimization in which the primal optimal objective and the dual optimal objective are equal. By definition, strong duality holds if and only if the duality gap is equal to 0. This is opposed to weak duality (the primal problem has optimal value smaller than or equal to the dual problem, in other ...

6. Weak solution - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_solution

   Weak solution. In mathematics, a weak solution (also called a generalized solution) to an ordinary or partial differential equation is a function for which the derivatives may not all exist but which is nonetheless deemed to satisfy the equation in some precisely defined sense. There are many different definitions of weak solution, appropriate ...

7. Enumerative combinatorics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumerative_combinatorics

   Enumerative combinatorics. Enumerative combinatorics is an area of combinatorics that deals with the number of ways that certain patterns can be formed. Two examples of this type of problem are counting combinations and counting permutations. More generally, given an infinite collection of finite sets Si indexed by the natural numbers ...

8. Mutual knowledge (logic) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_knowledge_(logic)

   Mutual knowledge is a fundamental concept about information in game theory, (epistemic) logic, and epistemology. An event is mutual knowledge if all agents know that the event occurred. [1]: 73 However, mutual knowledge by itself implies nothing about what agents know about other agents' knowledge: i.e. it is possible that an event is mutual ...

9. Wikipedia : Contents/Mathematics and logic

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/...

   Wikipedia's contents: Mathematics and logic. edit · watch. Mathematics is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. It evolved through the use of abstraction and logical reasoning, from counting, calculation, measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical objects.