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Maximum operating depth. In underwater diving activities such as saturation diving, technical diving and nitrox diving, the maximum operating depth (MOD) of a breathing gas is the depth below which the partial pressure of oxygen (pO 2) of the gas mix exceeds an acceptable limit. This limit is based on risk of central nervous system oxygen ...
Torricelli's law, also known as Torricelli's theorem, is a theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing from an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening. The law states that the speed of efflux of a fluid through a sharp-edged hole in the wall of the tank filled to a height above the hole is the same as the speed that a ...
The draft or draught of a ship is a determined depth of the vessel below the waterline, measured vertically to its hull 's lowest—its propellers, or keel, or other reference point. [1] Draft varies according to the loaded condition of the ship. A deeper draft means the ship will have greater vertical depth below the waterline.
Since the surface area of the tank is WL, and v s = Q/WL, v h = Q/WH, where Q is the flow rate and W, L, H is the width, length, depth of the tank. According to Eq. 1, this also is a basic factor that can control the sedimentation tank performance which called overflow rate. [13]
Drainage equation. A drainage equation is an equation describing the relation between depth and spacing of parallel subsurface drains, depth of the watertable, depth and hydraulic conductivity of the soils. It is used in drainage design. A well known steady-state drainage equation is the Hooghoudt drain spacing equation.
Used mainly to determine the minimum water depth for safe passage of a vessel and to calculate the vessels displacement (obtained from ships stability tables) so as to determine the mass of cargo on board. Draft, Air – Air Draft/Draught is the distance from the water line to the highest point on a ship (including antennas) while it is loaded ...
At a basic level, it is typically calculated in metres using the formula: Charted Depth − Draft-/+ Height of Tide = UKC. [3] Ship masters and deck officers can obtain the depth of water from Electronic navigational charts. [2] More dynamic or advanced calculations include safety margins for manoeuvring effects and squat. [7]
Froude number. In continuum mechanics, the Froude number (Fr, after William Froude, / ˈfruːd / [1]) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the flow inertia to the external force field (the latter in many applications simply due to gravity). The Froude number is based on the speed–length ratio which he defined as: [2][3] where u ...