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  2. Komatiite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komatiite

    Komatiite / koʊˈmɑːtiˌaɪt / is a type of ultramafic mantle -derived volcanic rock defined as having crystallised from a lava of at least 18 wt% magnesium oxide (MgO). [1] It is classified as a 'picritic rock'. Komatiites have low silicon, potassium and aluminium, and high to extremely high magnesium content.

  3. Ultramafic rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramafic_rock

    Peridotite, a type of ultramafic rock. Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).

  4. Magmatism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatism

    Magmatism. Geological map showing the Gangdese batholith, which is a product of magmatic activity about 100 million years ago. Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks. It does so through magmatic activity or igneous activity, the production ...

  5. Oceanic crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_crust

    The lines represent tectonic plate boundaries. Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates. It is composed of the upper oceanic crust, with pillow lavas and a dike complex, and the lower oceanic crust, composed of troctolite, gabbro and ultramafic cumulates. [1][2] The crust overlies the rigid uppermost ...

  6. Plate tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics

    t. e. Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') [1] is the scientific theory that Earth 's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. [2][3][4] The model builds on the concept of continental ...

  7. Isua Greenstone Belt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isua_Greenstone_Belt

    The majority of these are widely accepted to be intrusive in origin, representing ultramafic cumulates. [22] Some peridotite lenses have been interpreted as obducted mantle fragments, [23] and used as evidence to support the operation of plate tectonics during the formation of the Isua Greenstone Belt. However, this interpretation is contested ...

  8. Magmatism along strike-slip faults - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatism_along_strike...

    Magmatism along strike-slip faults is the process of rock melting, magma ascent and emplacement, associated with the tectonics and geometry of various strike-slip settings, most commonly occurring along transform boundaries at mid-ocean ridge spreading centres [1] and at strike-slip systems parallel to oblique subduction zones. [2]

  9. Large igneous province - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_igneous_province

    In 1992, Coffin and Eldholm initially defined the term "large igneous province" as representing a variety of mafic igneous provinces with areal extent greater than 100,000 km 2 that represented "massive crustal emplacements of predominantly mafic (magnesium- and iron-rich) extrusive and intrusive rock, and originated via processes other than 'normal' seafloor spreading."

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