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A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is less dense than the surrounding country rock, which produces buoyant forces on the magma that tend to drive it upwards. [ 1] If the magma finds a path to the surface, then the result will be a volcanic eruption ...
As it migrates through the crust, magma may collect and reside in magma chambers (though recent work suggests that magma may be stored in trans-crustal crystal-rich mush zones rather than dominantly liquid magma chambers [7]). Magma can remain in a chamber until it either cools and crystallizes to form intrusive rock, it erupts as a volcano, or ...
At the bottom of the magma reservoir, a cumulate rock forms. Cumulate rocks are the typical product of precipitation of solid crystals from a fractionating magma chamber. These accumulations typically occur on the floor of the magma chamber, although they are possible on the roofs if anorthite plagioclase is able to float free of a denser mafic ...
Crystals found in lava can give insight into the history of magma before it even reaches ... A big question for a basaltic shield volcano like Mauna Loa is when the magma chamber will begin to ...
In geology, igneous differentiation, or magmatic differentiation, is an umbrella term for the various processes by which magmas undergo bulk chemical change during the partial melting process, cooling, emplacement, or eruption. The sequence of (usually increasingly silicic) magmas produced by igneous differentiation is known as a magma series .
In essence, fractional crystallization is the removal of early formed crystals from an originally homogeneous magma (for example, by gravity settling) so that these crystals are prevented from further reaction with the residual melt. [ 3] The composition of the remaining melt becomes relatively depleted in some components and enriched in others ...
The chamber contains giant selenite crystals, some of the largest natural crystals ever found. [8] [9] The largest is 11.40 metres (37.4 ft), with a volume of about 5 cubic metres (180 cu ft), and an estimated mass of 12 tonnes. [7] The selenite crystals were formed by hydrothermal fluids heated by the magma chamber below. The cavern was ...
A crystal mush is magma that contains a significant amount of crystals (up to 50% of the volume) suspended in the liquid phase (melt). [1] As the crystal fraction makes up less than half of the volume, there is no rigid large-scale three-dimensional network as in solids. [2] As such, their rheological behavior mirrors that of absolute liquids.