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The EF Standard English Test is a standardized test of the English language designed for non-native English speakers. [1] It is the product of EF Education First , a global language training company, and a team of language assessment experts including Lyle Bachman, Mari Pearlman, and Ric Luecht.
B1 Preliminary was first launched in 1943. It had been created as a special exam to meet the contingencies of the Second World War – catering to foreign servicemen needing English. The exam was discontinued at the end of World War II (1946). B1 Preliminary was reintroduced in 1980 under close monitoring, and was fully launched in the 1990s.
The qualification was further updated in 1984 and 1996. Following the 1996 revision, the exam covered a greater range of writing, listening and speaking micro-skills. Its Speaking test format used two candidates and two examiners and the five papers were equally weighted, each representing 20% of the available marks. [3]
An intergovernmental symposium in 1991 titled "Transparency and Coherence in Language Learning in Europe: Objectives, Evaluation, Certification" held by the Swiss Federal Authorities in the Swiss municipality of Rüschlikon found the need for a common European framework for languages to improve the recognition of language qualifications and help teachers co-operate.
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing.
Public speaking, also called oratory, is the practice of delivering speeches to a live audience. [3] Throughout history, public speaking has held significant cultural, religious, and political importance, emphasizing the necessity of effective rhetorical skills. It allows individuals to connect with a group of people to discuss any topic.
Turkey, [a] officially the Republic of Türkiye, [b] is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west.
Ray Milland (born Alfred Reginald Jones; 3 January 1907 – 10 March 1986) was a Welsh-American actor and film director. [1] [2] He is often remembered for his portrayal of an alcoholic writer in Billy Wilder's The Lost Weekend (1945), which won him Best Actor at Cannes, a Golden Globe Award, and ultimately an Academy Award—the first such accolades for any Welsh actor.