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In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature, an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher.
In mathematics, a representation is a very general relationship that expresses similarities (or equivalences) between mathematical objects or structures.Roughly speaking, a collection Y of mathematical objects may be said to represent another collection X of objects, provided that the properties and relationships existing among the representing objects y i conform, in some consistent way, to ...
A light ray is a line or curve that is perpendicular to the light's wavefronts (and is therefore collinear with the wave vector). A slightly more rigorous definition of a light ray follows from Fermat's principle, which states that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time. [1]
Mathematics and art are related in a variety of ways. For instance, the theory of perspective showed that there is more to geometry than just the metric properties of figures: perspective is the origin of projective geometry. [132] Artists have long used concepts of proportion in design.
Starting with the real numbers, the corresponding projective "line" is geometrically a circle, and then the extra point / gives the shape that is the source of the term "wheel". Or starting with the complex numbers instead, the corresponding projective "line" is a sphere (the Riemann sphere ), and then the extra point gives a 3-dimensional ...
Half-line (geometry) or ray, half of a line split at an initial point Directed half-line or ray, half of a directed or oriented line split at an initial point; Ray (graph theory), an infinite sequence of vertices such that each vertex appears at most once in the sequence and each two consecutive vertices in the sequence are the two endpoints of an edge in the graph
Denote by h′ a ray of the straight line a′ emanating from a point O′ of this line. Then in the plane α ′ there is one and only one ray k ′ such that the angle ∠ ( h , k ) , or ∠ ( k , h ) , is congruent to the angle ∠ ( h ′, k ′) and at the same time all interior points of the angle ∠ ( h ′, k ′) lie upon the given ...
The rendering equation describes the total amount of light emitted from a point x along a particular viewing direction, given a function for incoming light and a BRDF.. In computer graphics, the rendering equation is an integral equation in which the equilibrium radiance leaving a point is given as the sum of emitted plus reflected radiance under a geometrical optics approximation.