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The impact factor was devised by Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in Philadelphia. Impact factors began to be calculated yearly starting from 1975 for journals listed in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). ISI was acquired by Thomson Scientific & Healthcare in 1992, [4] and became known as Thomson ISI.
The ISI also published the annual Journal Citation Reports which list an impact factor for each of the journals that it tracked. Within the scientific community, journal impact factors continue to play a large but controversial role in determining the kudos attached to a scientist's published research record.
The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as indexed by Clarivate's Web of Science.
While these journals still did not receive an impact factor until the next year, they did contribute citations to the calculation of other journals' impact factors. [4] [5] In July 2022, Clarivate announced that journals in the ESCI obtain an impact factor effective from JCR Year 2022 first released in June 2023. [6]
In 2010, a criticism was voiced pointing toward certain deficiencies of the journal impact factor calculation process, based on Thomson Reuters Web of Science, such as: journal citation distributions usually are highly skewed towards established journals; journal impact factor properties are field-specific and can be easily manipulated by ...
The Science Citation Index Expanded (previously titled Science Citation Index) is a citation index originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and created by Eugene Garfield. The Science Citation Index (SCI) was officially launched in 1964, [1] and later was distributed via CD/DVD. [2]
Indexed by ISI the journal received an impact factor of 4.169 as reported in the 2014 Journal Citation Reports by Thomson Reuters, ranking it 15th out of 79 journals in the category "Biochemical Research Methods" [1] and ranking it sixth out of 74 journals in the category "Chemistry, analytical". [2]
Journal ranking is widely used in academic circles in the evaluation of an academic journal's impact and quality. Journal rankings are intended to reflect the place of a journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that journal, and the prestige associated with it.