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According to Jewish tradition, Sarah was a member of Abraham's extended family, [33] and her descendants became Jewish. Hagar and Keturah's descendants were considered non-Jewish. Isaac had one wife (Rebecca, a member of Abraham's extended family [34]) and two sons, Jacob and Esau. Jacob's descendants became Jewish.
Jewish tradition mostly emphasizes free will, and most Jewish thinkers reject determinism, on the basis that free will and the exercise of free choice have been considered a precondition of moral life. [28] "Moral indeterminacy seems to be assumed both by the Bible, which bids man to choose between good and evil, and by the rabbis, who hold the ...
Accordingly, Conservative Judaism holds itself bound by the Jewish legal tradition, but asserts the right of its rabbinical body, acting as a whole, to reinterpret and to apply Jewish law." [ 4 ] A major difference between Conservative and Orthodox methodology is the former's frequent use of Takkanot (rabbinic decrees), which is far more ...
The matriarchs, also known as "the four mothers" (ארבע האמהות), are: [10] Sarah, the wife of Abraham; Rebekah, the wife of Isaac; Leah and Rachel, the wives of Jacob; Secondary matriarchs: Some Jewish sources list Bilhah and Zilpah (Jacob's concubines) as additional matriarchs, for a total of six matriarchs.
By adopting this Responsum, CJLS was able to provide a considered Jewish-law justification for its egalitarian practices, without having to rely on potentially unconvincing arguments, undermine the religious importance of community and clergy, ask individual women intrusive questions, repudiate the halakhic tradition, or label women following ...
Most scholars maintain that Sephardic Jews are inheritors of the religious traditions of the great Babylonian Jewish academies, and that Ashkenazi Jews are descendants of those who initially followed the Judaean or Galilaean Jewish religious traditions. [4] [5] Others, such as Moses Gaster, maintain precisely the opposite. [6]
The Book of Beliefs and Opinions (Judeo-Arabic: כתאב אלאמאנאת ואלאעתקאדאת; Arabic: كتاب الأمانات والاعتقادات, romanized: Kitāb al-Amānāt wa l-Iʿtiqādāt) is a book written by Saadia Gaon (completed 933) [1] which is the first systematic presentation and philosophic foundation of the dogmas of Judaism.
Reform Judaism approaches such ceremonies differently, with seating at the ceremony and reception generally gender neutral. Some communities have replaced gendered bar and bat mitzvahs with gender neutral confirmations ceremonies, in which all those of age at Shabuoth are initiated together, some still practise confirmation along with bar and ...