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As a result, patient safety has emerged as a distinct healthcare discipline, supported by an immature yet developing scientific framework. There is a significant transdisciplinary body of theoretical and research literature that informs the science of patient safety, [3] with mobile health apps becoming an increasingly important area of study. [4]
The Improvement Science Research Network (ISRN) is a research network for academics and physicians who are conducting studies in the new medical field of improvement science. Founded in 2009, ISRN is part of the Institute for Integration of Medicine and Science at the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA).
The International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) were developed in 2006 by the Joint Commission International (JCI). The goals were adapted from the JCAHO's National Patient Safety Goals. [1] Compliance with IPSG has been monitored in JCI-accredited hospitals since January 2006. [1]
Outcome contains all the effects of healthcare on patients or populations, including changes to health status, behavior, or knowledge as well as patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life. Outcomes are sometimes seen as the most important indicators of quality because improving patient health status is the primary goal of healthcare.
The National Patient Safety Goals is a quality and patient safety improvement program established by the Joint Commission in 2003. The NPSGs were established to help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in regards to patient safety.
A patient involvement group, Patients for Patient Safety, built networks of patients’ organizations from around the world, through regional workshops. A patient safety taxonomy was developed to classify data on patient safety problems. Prevalence studies conducted on patient harm in ten developing countries.
The literature on nursing peer review is more limited than that which has been developed for physician peer review, [14] and has focused more on annual performance appraisal than on case review. [15] No aggregate studies of clinical nursing peer review practices have been published. Nevertheless, more sophisticated studies have been reported. [16]
The efficacy of EWSs in improving patient outcomes is also reliant on a number of personal and structural factors. For example, a lack of clinician knowledge of the EWS, incomplete or incorrect vital sign measurement, and the influence of power between nursing and medical staff hinder detection of clinical deterioration. [3]