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The extensible NEXUS file format is widely used in bioinformatics.It stores information about taxa, morphological and molecular characters, distances, genetic codes, assumptions, sets, trees, etc. [1] Several popular phylogenetic programs such as PAUP*, [2] MrBayes, [3] Mesquite, [4] MacClade [5] and SplitsTree [6] use this format.
Bioinformatics uses biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, computer programming, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data. The process of analyzing and interpreting data can sometimes be referred to as computational biology , however this distinction between the two terms is often ...
Biological data has also been difficult to define, as bioinformatics is a wide-encompassing field. Further, the question of what constitutes as being a living organism has been contentious, as "alive" represents a nebulous term that encompasses molecular evolution, biological modeling, biophysics, and systems biology.
Biological sequence formats are a collection of file formats that are used in the biomedical sciences. There are a number of these. Most of these formats were developed for use in particular programmes and have subsequently been reused by other programmes. A number of web sites are available which will convert one of these formats to another.
Bioinformatics and computational biology are interdisciplinary fields of research, development and application of algorithms, computational and statistical methods for management and analysis of biological data, and for solving basic biological problems.
In the original Pearson FASTA format, one or more comments, distinguished by a semi-colon at the beginning of the line, may occur after the header. Some databases and bioinformatics applications do not recognize these comments and follow the NCBI FASTA specification. An example of a multiple sequence FASTA file follows:
They all share the same structure for the first 7 fields, while differing in the content and format of the ninth field. Some field names have been changed in GFF3 to avoid confusion. For example, the "seqid" field was formerly referred to as "sequence", which may be confused with a nucleotide or amino acid chain. The general structure is as ...
The journal Nucleic Acids Research regularly publishes special issues on biological databases and has a list of such databases. The 2018 issue has a list of about 180 such databases and updates to previously described databases. [2] Omics Discovery Index can be used to browse and search several biological databases.