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The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...
Williams v. Mississippi, 170 U.S. 213 (1898), is a United States Supreme Court case that reviewed provisions of the 1890 Mississippi constitution and its statutes that set requirements for voter registration, including poll tax, literacy tests, the grandfather clause, and the requirement that only registered voters could serve on juries.
Slavery was effectively abolished in Mississippi by the Thirteenth Amendment, finally ratified in 2013. Mississippi was the only state in the Lower Mississippi Valley that did not abolish slavery during the American Civil War. [19] The state did not officially notify the U.S. archivist of its ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment until 2013 ...
Reconstructing Democracy: Black Grassroots Politics in the Deep South after the Civil War (Athens, Georgia Press, 2015). Bell, Frank C. "The Life and Times of John R. Lynch: A Case Study 1847–1939", Journal of Mississippi History, 38 (February 1976): 53–67.
The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans ' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt .
The American Civil War brought slavery in the United States to an end with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865. [10] Following the war, the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed equal protection under the law to all people, and Congress established the Freedmen's Bureau to assist in the integration of former slaves into Southern society.
The discovery of a black man found hanged from a tree in Mississippi quickly made national headlines and brought back some unpleasant memories of American's violent, racially charged past. "Otis ...
Harris became as a circuit judge in 1853, [2] and in 1856 helped write the Mississippi code of 1857. [3] In 1858 Harris was appointed by Governor John J. McRae to a seat on the Mississippi High Court of Errors and Appeals vacated by the resignation of Ephraim S. Fisher. His best-known opinion was Mitchell v. Wells, decided in 1859.