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Singapore uses "Z/0" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes. Indonesia uses "X" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes. Iraq and Kuwait use prefix "Letter/99" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes. Zambia uses "X3" in the serial number to mark replacement polymer banknotes. Thailand uses "Sพ, 0Sพ,1Sพ ...
The on-line textbook: Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms, by David J.C. MacKay, contains chapters on elementary error-correcting codes; on the theoretical limits of error-correction; and on the latest state-of-the-art error-correcting codes, including low-density parity-check codes, turbo codes, and fountain codes.
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The advantage of choosing a primitive polynomial as the generator for a CRC code is that the resulting code has maximal total block length in the sense that all 1-bit errors within that block length have different remainders (also called syndromes) and therefore, since the remainder is a linear function of the block, the code can detect all 2 ...
The final digit of a Universal Product Code, International Article Number, Global Location Number or Global Trade Item Number is a check digit computed as follows: [3] [4]. Add the digits in the odd-numbered positions from the left (first, third, fifth, etc.—not including the check digit) together and multiply by three.
The natural code rate of the configuration shown is 1/4, however, the inner and/or outer codes may be punctured to achieve higher code rates as needed. For example, an overall code rate of 1/2 may be achieved by puncturing the outer convolutional code to rate 3/4 and the inner convolutional code to rate 2/3.
5. Enter your area code. 6. Click Next. 7. Choose whether to dial 1 and/or 1 + Area Code. Note: Many areas now require 10 digit dialing, and in some cases 1 + Area Code may be required as well. Contact your local telephone company for more information. Select one or more access numbers near your area. 8. Click Next and try again.
Check digits and parity bits are special cases of checksums, appropriate for small blocks of data (such as Social Security numbers, bank account numbers, computer words, single bytes, etc.). Some error-correcting codes are based on special checksums which not only detect common errors but also allow the original data to be recovered in certain ...