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Power factor correction brings the power factor of an AC power circuit closer to 1 by supplying or absorbing reactive power, adding capacitors or inductors that act to cancel the inductive or capacitive effects of the load, respectively. In the case of offsetting the inductive effect of motor loads, capacitors can be locally connected.
A valley-fill circuit is a type of passive power-factor correction (PFC) circuit. For purposes of illustration, a basic full-wave diode-bridge rectifier is shown in the first stage, which converts the AC input voltage to a DC voltage.
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In some uses, power conditioner refers to a voltage regulator with at least one other function to improve power quality (e.g. power factor correction, noise suppression, transient impulse protection, etc.) Conditioners specifically work to smooth the sinusoidal A.C. wave form and maintain a constant voltage over varying loads.
Its principal advantage is the ease with which the amount of correction can be adjusted. Synchronous condensers are an alternative to capacitor banks and static VAR compensators for power-factor correction in power grids. [3] One advantage is that the amount of reactive power from a synchronous condenser can be continuously adjusted.
In electric power distribution, capacitors are used for power factor correction. Such capacitors often come as three capacitors connected as a three-phase Electrical load. Usually, the values of these capacitors are given not in farads but rather as a reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (VAr).
This ability to selectively control power factor can be exploited for power factor correction of the power system to which the motor is connected. Since most power systems of any significant size have a net lagging power factor, the presence of overexcited synchronous motors moves the system's net power factor closer to unity, improving efficiency.
Typically this will consist of either just a capacitor (relying on parasitic resistance and inductance in the supply) or a capacitor-inductor network. An active power factor correction circuit at the input would generally reduce the harmonic currents further and maintain the power factor closer to unity.