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Speed, the scalar magnitude of a velocity vector, denotes only how fast an object is moving, while velocity indicates both an object's speed and direction. [3] [4] [5] To have a constant velocity, an object must have a constant speed in a constant direction. Constant direction constrains the object to motion in a straight path thus, a constant ...
Terminal velocity depends on atmospheric drag, the coefficient of drag for the object, the (instantaneous) velocity of the object, and the area presented to the airflow. Apart from the last formula, these formulas also assume that g negligibly varies with height during the fall (that is, they assume constant acceleration).
The relative velocity of an object B relative to an observer A, denoted (also or ), is the velocity vector of B measured in the rest frame of A. The relative speed v B ∣ A = ‖ v B ∣ A ‖ {\displaystyle v_{B\mid A}=\|\mathbf {v} _{B\mid A}\|} is the vector norm of the relative velocity.
Terminal velocity is the maximum speed attainable by an object as it falls through a fluid (air is the most common example). It is reached when the sum of the drag force ( F d ) and the buoyancy is equal to the downward force of gravity ( F G ) acting on the object.
Stated formally, in general, an equation of motion M is a function of the position r of the object, its velocity (the first time derivative of r, v = dr / dt ), and its acceleration (the second derivative of r, a = d 2 r / dt 2 ), and time t. Euclidean vectors in 3D are denoted throughout in bold.
Since the object's velocity vector is constantly changing direction, the moving object is undergoing acceleration by a centripetal force in the direction of the center of rotation. Without this acceleration, the object would move in a straight line, according to Newton's laws of motion .
Near the surface of the Earth, an object in free fall in a vacuum will accelerate at approximately 9.8 m/s 2, independent of its mass. With air resistance acting on an object that has been dropped, the object will eventually reach a terminal velocity, which is around 53 m/s (190 km/h or 118 mph [4]) for a human skydiver.
In physics, angular velocity (symbol ω or , the lowercase Greek letter omega), also known as the angular frequency vector, [1] is a pseudovector representation of how the angular position or orientation of an object changes with time, i.e. how quickly an object rotates (spins or revolves) around an axis of rotation and how fast the axis itself changes direction.