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The word 'Mongolia' ('Mongol') in Cyrillic script. The Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet (Mongolian: Монгол Кирилл үсэг, Mongol Kirill üseg or Кирилл цагаан толгой, Kirill tsagaan tolgoi) is the writing system used for the standard dialect of the Mongolian language in the modern state of Mongolia.
The traditional Mongolian script, [note 1] also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, [note 2] was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946.
Phagpa extended his native Tibetan script to encompass Mongolian and Chinese; the result was known by several descriptive names, such as the Mongolian new script, but today is known as the 'Phags-pa script. The script did not receive wide acceptance and fell into disuse with the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368.
Between 1930 and 1932, a short-lived attempt was made to introduce the Latin script in the Mongolian state. In 1941, the Latin alphabet was adopted, though it lasted only two months. [130] The Mongolian Cyrillic script was the result of the spreading of Russian influence following the expansion of the Russian Empire.
Transcribes Chakhar /ɑ/; [8] [9] Khalkha /a/, /ə/, and /∅/. [10]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter а.[11] [4]Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (), the shape of adjacent consonants (q/k and γ/g), and position in syllable sequence (n, ng, q, γ, d).
Transcribes Chakhar /ə/; [8] [9] Khalkha /i/, /e/, /ə/, and /∅/. [10]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter э.[11] [4]Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony and its effect on the shape of a word's consonants (q/k and γ/g), or position in syllable sequence (n, ng, d).
In the Mongolian version of the Latin alphabet, there were additional letters ɵ (Cyrillic: ө), ç (ч), ş (ш) and ƶ (ж); Y corresponded to the Cyrillic ү. K transliterated the sound that would later come to be represented in Cyrillic by х in native Mongolian words.
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