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Genghis Khan commanded a skilled, disciplined, combat-proven army of 150,000 to 200,000 soldiers, [7] mostly Mongols and other allied tribes who were well-drilled in their method of warfare. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The army also included a corps of Chinese siege engineers . [ 10 ]
Ancient sources described Genghis Khan's conquests as wholesale destruction on an unprecedented scale in certain geographical regions, causing great demographic changes in Asia. According to the works of the Iranian historian Rashid al-Din (1247–1318), the Mongols killed more than 1,300,000 people in Merv and more than 1,747,000 in Nishapur.
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history. [5] Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, extending northward into parts of the Arctic; [6] eastward and southward into parts of the Indian subcontinent, mounted invasions of Southeast Asia, and ...
Genghis Khan [a] (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, [b] was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes , he launched a series of military campaigns , conquering large parts of China and Central Asia .
Even though Jebe was originally an enemy soldier, Genghis Khan recruited him and turned him into one of his greatest generals. Jebe played an important role in helping to expand the territory of Genghis Khan's empire. Despite playing a large role as a general for Genghis Khan, there are relatively few sources or biographies about his life. [2]
The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed in Tengrism. Berke Khan: 1257 - 1266 The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter of Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War. Mengu-Timur: 1266 - 1280 The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. Tode Mongke: 1280 - 1287
Genghis Khan had invaded Khwarazm with an army of between 75,000 and 200,000 soldiers in late 1219. [a] Shah Muhammad II, wary of Mongol skill in battle and doubtful of his commanders' loyalties, adopted a defence in depth strategy based on garrisoning his cities, especially Otrar, Samarkand and Gurganj. [3]
The siege of Samarkand (1220) took place in 1220 A.D. after Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire, ruled by Shah Muhammad II. The Mongols had laid siege to the border town of Otrar , but finding its defences obdurate, a large force commanded by Genghis and his youngest son ...