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The large network of narrow-gauge sugar cane light railways, almost all 610 mm (2 ft) gauge, is not shown, Rail gauge in Australia. Rail gauge world Track gauge Rail gauge world Map Rail gauge world Map, 600mm. to 1676 mm. Rail gauge world Map, 597 mm. to 2140 mm. Triple-gauge track on turntable, Gladstone, South Australia.
If the difference between the two gauges is large enough – for example between 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) – three-rail dual-gauge is possible, but if not – for example between 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) metre gauge – four rails must be used. Dual-gauge rail lines ...
In Australia, this gauge is typically referred to as narrow gauge in comparison to 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge or 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) broad gauge. In some instances, simply 3 foot 6 inch — or in rarer cases medium gauge — is used to distinguish it from other narrow gauges.
Cast iron rails, 4 feet (1.2 m) long, began to be used in the 1790s and by 1820, 15-foot-long (4.6 m) wrought iron rails were in use. The first steel rails were made in 1857 and standard rail lengths increased over time from 30 to 60 feet (9.1–18.3 m). Rails were typically specified by units of weight per linear length and these also increased.
Standard gauge railway lines made a return in 2014 on experimental railway line in Aceh. The railway tracks of Java and Sumatra use 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in). Iran: Islamic Republic of Iran Railways: 12,998 km (8,077 mi) Iraq: Iraqi Republic Railways: 485 km (301 mi) Ireland Transport Infrastructure Ireland: Luas in Dublin: Israel
Metre-gauge railways (US: meter-gauge railways) are narrow-gauge railways with track gauge of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) or 1 metre. [1] Metre gauge is used in around 95,000 kilometres (59,000 mi) of tracks around the world. [citation needed] It was used by several European colonial powers including France, Britain and Germany in their ...
Comparison of 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge (blue) and 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) (red) width; the difference is 14.5 in (370 mm), or about 26 per cent of standard gauge. 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) between the inside of the rail heads, its name and classification vary worldwide and it has about 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of track.
In 1863, steam locomotives were introduced on the 1 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (597 mm) gauge railway, with passenger services following in 1865. This was the first steam operated railway providing both freight and passenger services on such a small gauge and it proved the model for the introduction of narrow-gauge railways across the world. [3]