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In contrast, the sleep issues studied here include excessive daytime sleepiness (falling asleep during meals or social activities) and a marked lack of enthusiasm for daily tasks,” Dr. Porter said.
Excessive daytime sleepiness, characterized by persistent sleepiness throughout the day and often a general lack of energy, even during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep. People with EDS nap repeatedly throughout the day and have strong urges to sleep while driving, working, eating, or conversing with others. [13]
An adult who is compelled to nap repeatedly during the day may have excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS); however, it is important to distinguish between occasional daytime sleepiness and EDS, which is chronic. A number of tools for screening for EDS have been developed.
Chronic kidney disease is commonly associated with sleep symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness. 80% of those on dialysis have sleep disturbances. Sleep apnea can occur 10 times as often in uremic patients than in the general population and can affect up to 30-80% of patients on dialysis, though nighttime dialysis can improve this.
This isn’t the first time that better sleep has been linked with a lower risk of dementia: A study published in October even found that people with sleep apnea are more likely to develop dementia.
The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), developed by William C. Dement and colleagues in 1972, is a one-item self-report questionnaire measuring levels of sleepiness throughout the day. The scale has been validated for adult populations [ 1 ] and is generally used to track overall alertness at each hour of the day.
It is crucial to aim for objective measures to quantify the sleepiness. A good measurement tool is the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). It assesses the sleep onset latency during the course of one day—often from 8:00 to 16:00. [10] An average sleep onset latency of less than 5 minutes is an indication of pathological sleepiness. [11]
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale has been validated primarily in obstructive sleep apnea, though it has also shown success in detecting narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. [3] It is used to measure excessive daytime sleepiness and is repeated after the administration of treatment (e.g., CPAP) to document improvement of symptoms. [6]
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