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Reciprocal space (also called k-space) provides a way to visualize the results of the Fourier transform of a spatial function. It is similar in role to the frequency domain arising from the Fourier transform of a time dependent function; reciprocal space is a space over which the Fourier transform of a spatial function is represented at spatial frequencies or wavevectors of plane waves of the ...
Examples of determining indices for a plane using intercepts with axes; left (111), right (221) There are two equivalent ways to define the meaning of the Miller indices: [1] via a point in the reciprocal lattice, or as the inverse intercepts along the lattice vectors.
The reciprocal lattices (dots) and corresponding first Brillouin zones of (a) square lattice and (b) hexagonal lattice. In mathematics and solid state physics, the first Brillouin zone (named after Léon Brillouin) is a uniquely defined primitive cell in reciprocal space.
Every crystal is a periodic structure which can be characterized by a Bravais lattice, and for each Bravais lattice we can determine the reciprocal lattice, which encapsulates the periodicity in a set of three reciprocal lattice vectors (b 1, b 2, b 3).
The translational invariance of a crystal lattice is described by a set of unit cell, direct lattice basis vectors (contravariant [1] or polar) called a, b, and c, or equivalently by the lattice parameters, i.e. the magnitudes of the vectors, called a, b and c, and the angles between them, called α (between b and c), β (between c and a), and γ (between a and b).
For example, in a crystal's k-space, there is an infinite set of points called the reciprocal lattice which are "equivalent" to k = 0 (this is analogous to aliasing). Likewise, the " first Brillouin zone " is a finite volume of k -space, such that every possible k is "equivalent" to exactly one point in this region.
The X-ray diffraction patterns of aperiodic crystals contain two sets of peaks, which include "main reflections" and "satellite reflections". [1] Main reflections are usually stronger in intensity and span a lattice defined by three-dimensional reciprocal lattice vectors (,,). Satellite reflections are weaker in intensity and are known as ...
If it does span , then is called the dual basis or reciprocal basis for the basis . Denoting the indexed vector sets as B = { v i } i ∈ I {\displaystyle B=\{v_{i}\}_{i\in I}} and B ∗ = { v i } i ∈ I {\displaystyle B^{*}=\{v^{i}\}_{i\in I}} , being biorthogonal means that the elements pair to have an inner product equal to 1 if the indexes ...