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Structural geology is a critical part of engineering geology, which is concerned with the physical and mechanical properties of natural rocks. Structural fabrics and defects such as faults, folds, foliations and joints are internal weaknesses of rocks which may affect the stability of human engineered structures such as dams , road cuts, open ...
Strike and dip are generally written as 'strike/dip' or 'dip direction,dip', with the degree symbol typically omitted. The general alphabetical dip direction (N, SE, etc) can be added to reduce ambiguity. For a feature with a dip of 45° and a dip direction of 75°, the strike and dip can be written as 345/45 NE, 165/45 NE, or 075,45.
A monocline (or, rarely, a monoform) is a step-like fold in rock strata consisting of a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently dipping sequence. Formation [ edit ]
Dip is defined as the angle of the fault relative to the surface of the earth, which indicates the plane on which slip will occur. Lastly, in any non-vertical fault, the block above the fault is called the hanging wall, while the blockbelow the fault is called the footwall. [4] Normal and reverse dip-slip faults with labeled hanging wall and ...
Homocline near Lulworth Cove, England Diagram of a homocline Homocline in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. In structural geology, a homocline or homoclinal structure (from old Greek: homo = same, cline = inclination), is a geological structure in which the layers of a sequence of rock strata, either sedimentary or igneous, dip uniformly in a single direction having the same general inclination in ...
Geological structure measurement by LiDAR technology is a remote sensing method applied in structural geology. It enables monitoring and characterisation of rock bodies. [ 1 ] This method's typical use is to acquire high resolution structural and deformational data for identifying geological hazards risk, such as assessing rockfall risks or ...
A thrust fault with southward dip and northward vergence. In structural geology, vergence refers to the direction of the overturned component of an asymmetric fold. [1] In simpler terms, vergence can be described as the horizontal direction in which the upper component of rotation is directed. [2]
A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault that has a dip of 45 degrees or less. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If the angle of the fault plane is lower (often less than 15 degrees from the horizontal [ 3 ] ) and the displacement of the overlying block is large (often in the kilometer range) the fault is called an overthrust or overthrust fault . [ 4 ]