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Even before this skull was captured by the French army, Camper Jr. discussed his findings via letters he sent to the French naturalist Georges Cuvier as early as 1790, [16] but it was not until 1800 that he identified the animal as a large marine reptile showing close affinities to these two groups previously mentioned. [17]
The animal is estimated to have been around 9.1 meters (30 feet) long, [13] and to have weighed up to 4.0 tonnes (4.4 tons). [9] [15] As with most duckbills, its skeleton is otherwise not particularly remarkable, although some pelvic details are distinctive. [4] Like other duckbills, it was a bipedal/quadrupedal herbivore.
Skulls of the three species compared: P. perotorum (with inaccurate epiparietal placement), P. canadensis, and P. lakustai Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis, was described in 1950 by Charles Mortram Sternberg based on the holotype incomplete skull NMC 8867, and the paratype incomplete skull NMC 8866, which included the anterior part of the skull but was lacking the right lower mandible, and the "beak".
The skull of MCZ 4374, the holotype of Tylosaurus proriger and generic type of Tylosaurus, in Cope (1870). Tylosaurus was the third new genus of mosasaur to be described from North America behind Clidastes and Platecarpus and the first in Kansas. [13]
Tarchia was a medium-sized ankylosaur, measuring around 5.5–6 metres (18–20 ft) long and weighing up to 2.5–3 metric tons (2.8–3.3 short tons). [9] [10] If ZPAL MgD I/113 indeed belongs to the genus, it would have belonged to an individual measuring 5.8–6.7 metres (19–22 ft) long.
The three known Ankylosaurus skulls differ in various details; this is thought to be the result of taphonomy (changes happening during decay and fossilization of the remains) and individual variation. The skull was low and triangular in shape, and wider than it was long; the back of the skull was broad and low.
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Older definitions of the group Archosauria rely on shared morphological characteristics, such as an antorbital fenestra in the skull, serrated teeth, and an upright stance. Some extinct reptiles, such as proterosuchids and euparkeriids , also possessed these features yet originated prior to the split between the crocodilian and bird lineages.