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The exterior of the A.O. Smith Corporation Building in Milwaukee was clad entirely in aluminium by 1930, and 3-foot-square (0.91 m) siding panels of Duralumin sheet from Alcoa sheathed an experimental exhibit house for the Architectural League of New York in 1931. Most architectural applications of aluminium in the 1930s were on a monumental ...
Vinyl siding is plastic exterior siding for houses and small apartment buildings, used for decoration and weatherproofing, imitating wood clapboard, batten board and batten or shakes, and used instead of other materials such as aluminum or fiber cement siding.
By reducing energy consumption, insulated siding can reduce air pollution. Insulated siding has an industry system R-value range of 2.0 - 5.5. According to manufacturers, insulated siding is manufactured to last for 50 years or more, potentially reducing landfill contributions.
Soft" costs – i.e., added costs to the building project to qualify for LEED certification – may range from 1% to 6% of the total project cost. The average cost increase was about 2%, or an extra $3–$5 per square foot. [91] The application review and certification process is conducted through LEED Online, USGBC's web-based service.
The square is an Imperial unit of area that is used in the construction industry in the United States and Canada, [1] and was historically used in Australia. One square is equal to 100 square feet. Examples where the unit is used are roofing shingles, metal roofing, vinyl siding, and fibercement siding products.
Clarifying Duany's second criticism in reference to "lot coverage": If localities seek to regulate density through floor area ratio, the logical consequence is to encourage expansive one story building with less green space, as single story construction is less expensive than multi-story construction on a per square foot basis.
CSI publishes MasterFormat, which is a standardized classification for construction information, such as detailed construction project cost estimates or construction specifications. Since its debut under another title in 1963, MasterFormat consisted of 16 Divisions representing broad categories of construction, such as Masonry , Concrete ...
Blue fiber cement siding HardiePanel on design-build addition, Ithaca NY. Fiber cement siding (also known as "fibre cement cladding" in the United Kingdom, "fibro" in Australia, and by the proprietary name "Hardie Plank" in the United States) is a building material used to cover the exterior of a building in both commercial and domestic applications.