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Indole test positive: appearance of pink layer at top (e.g. Escherichia coli) Like many biochemical tests on bacteria, results of an indole test are indicated by a change in color following a reaction with an added reagent. Pure bacterial culture must be grown in sterile tryptophan or peptone broth for 24–48 hours before performing the test.
Kovács reagent is a biochemical reagent consisting of isoamyl alcohol, para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB), and concentrated hydrochloric acid.It is used for the diagnostical indole test, to determine the ability of the organism to split indole from the amino acid tryptophan.
Indole is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 CCNH 3. Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups.
The reaction mechanism [8] of the Bartoli indole synthesis is illustrated below using o-nitrotoluene (1) and propenyl Grignard (2) to form 3,7-dimethylindole (13). The mechanism of the Bartoli indole synthesis. The mechanism begins by the addition of the Grignard reagent (2) onto the nitroarene (1) to form intermediate 3.
The first indole alkaloid, strychnine, was isolated by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818 from the plants of the genus Strychnos. The correct structural formula of strychnine was determined only in 1947, although the presence of the indole nucleus in the structure of strychnine was established somewhat earlier.
In enzymology, an indole 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction indole + O 2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2-formylaminobenzaldehyde Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are indole and O 2 , whereas its product is 2-formylaminobenzaldehyde .
Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis is a method for synthesizing indole from a (substituted) ortho-nitrocinnamic acid and iron powder in strongly basic solution. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This reaction was discovered by Adolf von Baeyer and Adolph Emmerling in 1869.
Indole-3-carboxylate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.92) is an enzyme with systematic name indole-3-carboxylate carboxy-lyase. [1] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction indole-3-carboxylate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } indole + CO 2
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