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Shone’s syndrome is a rare disorder that is often detected in very young children. The children tend to show symptoms like fatigue , nocturnal cough , and reduced cardiac output by the age of two years.
There is a complex sequence of events that result in a well formed heart at birth and disruption of any portion may result in a defect. [32] The orderly timing of cell growth, cell migration, and programmed cell death (" apoptosis ") has been studied extensively and the genes that control the process are being elucidated. [ 27 ]
[4] [12] It is the most common complex congenital heart defect, accounting for about 10 percent of cases. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] It was initially described in 1671 by Niels Steensen . [ 1 ] [ 15 ] A further description was published in 1888 by the French physician Étienne-Louis Arthur Fallot , after whom it is named.
It is less severe than total anomalous pulmonary venous connection which is a life-threatening anomaly requiring emergent surgical correction, usually diagnosed in the first few days of life. Partial anomalous venous connection may be diagnosed at any time from birth to old age.
The Therac-25 is a computer-controlled radiation therapy machine produced by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) in 1982 after the Therac-6 and Therac-20 units (the earlier units had been produced in partnership with Compagnie générale de radiologie (CGR) of France).
Despite this, most treatment options revolve around treating the symptoms of the disorders in an attempt to improve patient quality of life. Gene therapy refers to a form of treatment where a healthy gene is introduced to a patient. This should alleviate the defect caused by a faulty gene or slow the progression of the disease.
The anomaly scan, also sometimes called the anatomy scan, 20-week ultrasound, or level 2 ultrasound, evaluates anatomic structures of the fetus, placenta, and maternal pelvic organs. This scan is an important and common component of routine prenatal care . [ 1 ]
Anomaly detection finds application in many domains including cybersecurity, medicine, machine vision, statistics, neuroscience, law enforcement and financial fraud to name only a few. Anomalies were initially searched for clear rejection or omission from the data to aid statistical analysis, for example to compute the mean or standard deviation.