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  2. Oil immersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_immersion

    Immersion oils are transparent oils that have specific optical and viscosity characteristics necessary for use in microscopy. Typical oils used have an index of refraction of around 1.515. [1] An oil immersion objective is an objective lens specially designed to be used in this way. Many condensers also give optimal resolution when the ...

  3. Optical microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope

    An oil immersion lens usually has a magnification of 40 to 100×. ... For example a 10x eyepiece magnification and a 100x objective lens magnification gives a total ...

  4. Magnification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification

    With an optical microscope having a high numerical aperture and using oil immersion, the best possible resolution is 200 nm corresponding to a magnification of around 1200×. Without oil immersion, the maximum usable magnification is around 800×. For details, see limitations of optical microscopes.

  5. Objective (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_(optics)

    Two Leica oil immersion microscope objective lenses; left 100×, right 40×.. The objective lens of a microscope is the one at the bottom near the sample. At its simplest, it is a very high-powered magnifying glass, with very short focal length.

  6. Bright-field microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bright-field_microscopy

    Bright-field microscopy (BF) is the simplest of all the optical microscopy illumination techniques. Sample illumination is transmitted (i.e., illuminated from below and observed from above) white light, and contrast in the sample is caused by attenuation of the transmitted light in dense areas of the sample.

  7. Numerical aperture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_aperture

    The numerical aperture with respect to a point P depends on the half-angle, θ1, of the maximum cone of light that can enter or exit the lens and the ambient index of refraction. As a pencil of light goes through a flat plane of glass, its half-angle changes to θ2. Due to Snell's law, the numerical aperture remains the same: NA = n1 sin θ1 ...

  8. Optical sectioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_sectioning

    Optical sectioning. (a) Optically sectioned fluorescence images of a pollen grain. (b) Combined image. (c) Combined image of a group of pollen grains. [1] Optical sectioning is the process by which a suitably designed microscope can produce clear images of focal planes deep within a thick sample. This is used to reduce the need for thin ...

  9. Dark-field microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-field_microscopy

    In optical microscopes a darkfield condenser lens must be used, which directs a cone of light away from the objective lens. To maximize the scattered light-gathering power of the objective lens, oil immersion is used and the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens must be less than 1.0. Objective lenses with a higher NA can be used but ...

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