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An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. [1] An application layer abstraction is specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. [2] Although both models use the same term for their respective highest ...
1. Physical layer. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection." [2] In the OSI reference model, the communications between systems are split ...
An application-level gateway (ALG, also known as application-layer gateway, application gateway, application proxy, or application-level proxy) is a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a mobile network. [1][2] It allows customized NAT traversal filters to be plugged into the gateway to support address and port ...
Multitier architecture. In software engineering, multitier architecture (often referred to as n-tier architecture) is a client–server architecture in which presentation, application processing and data management functions are physically separated. The most widespread use of multitier architecture is the three-tier architecture.
Network service. In computer networking, a network service is an application running at the network application layer and above, that provides data storage, manipulation, presentation, communication or other capability which is often implemented using a client–server or peer-to-peer architecture based on application layer network protocols. [1]
Firewall (computing) In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. [1][2] A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet. [3]
The limited deployment of IP Multicast, a best effort network layer multicast protocol, has led to considerable interest in alternate approaches that are implemented at the application layer, using only end-systems. In an overlay or end-system multicast approach, participating peers organize themselves into an overlay topology for data delivery.
CMIS/CMIP is the network management protocol specified by the ISO / OSI Network management model and is further defined by the ITU-T in the X.700 series of recommendations. CMIP models management information in terms of managed objects and allows both modification and performing actions on managed objects. Managed objects are described using ...