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The Lacedaemonion Politeia (Greek: Λακεδαιμονίων Πολιτεία), known in English as the Polity, Constitution, or Republic of the Lacedaemonians, or the Spartan Constitution, [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] is a treatise attributed to the ancient Greek historian Xenophon, describing the institutions, customs, and practices of the ancient ...
The Spartan Constitution (or Spartan politeia) are the government and laws of the classical Greek city-state of Sparta.All classical Greek city-states had a politeia; the politeia of Sparta however, was noted by many classical authors for its unique features, which supported a rigidly layered social system and a strong hoplite army.
Xenophon was born c. 430 BC[8] in the deme (local district) of Erchia in Athens; his father was called Gryllus (Γρύλλος) and belonged to an Athenian aristocratic family. [9][10] The Peloponnesian War was being waged throughout Xenophon's childhood and youth. [11] A contemporary of Plato, Xenophon associated with Socrates, as was common ...
Lycurgus (/ laɪˈkɜːrɡəs /; Greek: Λυκοῦργος Lykourgos) was the legendary lawgiver of Sparta, credited with the formation of its eunomia ('good order'), [1] involving political, economic, and social reforms to produce a military-oriented Spartan society in accordance with the Delphic oracle. The Spartans in the historical period ...
t. e. The ephors were a board of five magistrates in ancient Sparta. They had an extensive range of judicial, religious, legislative, and military powers, and could shape Sparta's home and foreign affairs. The word " ephors " (Ancient Greek ἔφοροι éphoroi, plural form of ἔφορος éphoros) comes from the Ancient Greek ἐπί epi ...
The Hellenica narrative begins as a continuation of Thucydides' unfinished History of the Peloponnesian War. It is alleged Xenophon was the editor of Thucydides' works after his death. This allowed Xenophon directly to continue the narration. Book 1 covers the "Decelian War" period of the Peloponnesian War in the years 411–406 BC.
The Theban–Spartan War of 378–362 BC was a series of military conflicts fought between Sparta and Thebes for hegemony over Greece. Sparta had emerged victorious from the Peloponnesian War against Athens (431–404 BC), and occupied an hegemonic position over Greece.
The Spartan army was the principle ground force of Sparta. It stood at the center of the Spartan state, consisting of citizens trained in the disciplines and honor of a warrior society. [1] Subjected to military drills since early manhood, the Spartans became one of the most feared and formidable military forces in the Greek world, attaining ...