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2. Percentage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

   To calculate a percentage of a percentage, convert both percentages to fractions of 100, or to decimals, and multiply them. For example, 50% of 40% is: ⁠ 50 / 100 ⁠ × ⁠ 40 / 100 ⁠ = 0.50 × 0.40 = 0.20 = ⁠ 20 / 100 ⁠ = 20%. It is not correct to divide by 100 and use the percent sign at the same time; it would literally imply ...

3. Kelly criterion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_criterion

   Example of the optimal Kelly betting fraction, versus expected return of other fractional bets. In probability theory, the Kelly criterion (or Kelly strategy or Kelly bet) is a formula for sizing a sequence of bets by maximizing the long-term expected value of the logarithm of wealth, which is equivalent to maximizing the long-term expected geometric growth rate.

4. Lottery mathematics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_mathematics

   In a typical 6/49 game, each player chooses six distinct numbers from a range of 1–49. If the six numbers on a ticket match the numbers drawn by the lottery, the ticket holder is a jackpot winner— regardless of the order of the numbers. The probability of this happening is 1 in 13,983,816. The chance of winning can be demonstrated as ...

5. Day count convention - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_count_convention

   In finance, a day count convention determines how interest accrues over time for a variety of investments, including bonds, notes, loans, mortgages, medium-term notes, swaps, and forward rate agreements (FRAs). This determines the number of days between two coupon payments, thus calculating the amount transferred on payment dates and also the ...

6. Fixed-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_arithmetic

   A fixed-point representation of a fractional number is essentially an integer that is to be implicitly multiplied by a fixed scaling factor. For example, the value 1.23 can be stored in a variable as the integer value 1230 with implicit scaling factor of 1/1000 (meaning that the last 3 decimal digits are implicitly assumed to be a decimal fraction), and the value 1 230 000 can be represented ...

7. Calculator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator

   A modern scientific calculator with an LCD. An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics. The first solid-state electronic calculator was created in the early 1960s. Pocket-sized devices became available in the 1970s, especially after the ...

8. Rate (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_(mathematics)

   In mathematics, a rate is the quotient of two quantities, often represented as a fraction. [1] If the divisor (or fraction denominator) in the rate is equal to one expressed as a single unit, and if it is assumed that this quantity can be changed systematically (i.e., is an independent variable), then the dividend (the fraction numerator) of the rate expresses the corresponding rate of change ...

9. Pascal's calculator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_calculator

   Pascal's calculator (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascaline) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen. [2] He designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers ...