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Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (from Ancient Greek erythros ' red ' and kytos ' hollow vessel ', with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, [1] erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O 2) to the body tissues ...
4.7 to 6.1 million (male), 4.2 to 5.4 million (female) erythrocytes: [13] Red blood cells contain the blood's hemoglobin and distribute oxygen. Mature red blood cells lack a nucleus and organelles in mammals. The red blood cells (together with endothelial vessel cells and other cells) are also marked by glycoproteins that define the different ...
Blood protein Normal level % Function Albumins: 3.5–5.0 g/dl: 55%: create and maintain osmotic pressure; transport insoluble molecules Globulins: 2.0–2.5 g/dl: 38%: participate in immune system: Fibrinogen: 0.2–0.45 g/dl: 7%: Blood coagulation: Regulatory proteins <1%: Regulation of gene expression Clotting factors <1%: Conversion of ...
Water: Solvent 0.81-0.86 0.93-0.95 Acetoacetate: Produced in liver 8-40 × 10 −7: 4-43 × 10 −7: Acetone: product of bodyfat breakdown 3-20 × 10 −6: Acetylcholine: Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system: 6.6-8.2 × 10 −8: Adenosine triphosphate: Energy storage total 3.1-5.7 × 10 −4: phosphorus 5-10 × 10 −5 ...
Hemoglobin in normal red blood cells is protected by a reduction system to keep this from happening. Nitric oxide is capable of converting a small fraction of hemoglobin to methemoglobin in red blood cells. The latter reaction is a remnant activity of the more ancient nitric oxide dioxygenase function of globins.
This can be done in terms of the chemical elements present, or by molecular structure e.g., water, protein, fats (or lipids), hydroxyapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. In terms of tissue type, the body may be analyzed into water, fat, connective tissue, muscle, bone, etc.
This changes the distribution of electrical charges on the protein, with the consequence that the 3D (or tertiary) structure of the protein is altered. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] The normal shape, and therefore function of very many of the extracellular proteins, as well as the extracellular portions of the cell membrane proteins, is dependent on a very ...
Lectins are similar to antibodies in their ability to agglutinate red blood cells. [33] Many legume seeds have been proven to contain high lectin activity, termed hemagglutination. [34] Soybean is the most important grain legume crop in this category. Its seeds contain high activity of soybean lectins (soybean agglutinin or SBA).