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The knee bursae are the fluid-filled sacs and synovial pockets that surround and sometimes communicate with the knee joint cavity. The bursae are thin-walled, and filled with synovial fluid. They represent the weak point of the joint, but also provide enlargements to the joint space. [1] They can be grouped into either communicating and non ...
The synovial sac of the knee joint can, under certain circumstances, produce a posterior bulge, into the popliteal space, the space behind the knee. When this bulge becomes large enough, it becomes palpable and cystic. Most Baker's cysts maintain this direct communication with the synovial cavity of the knee, but sometimes, the new cyst pinches ...
These include the subacromial, prepatellar, retrocalcaneal, and pes anserinus bursae of the shoulder, knee, heel and shin, etc. (see below [broken anchor]). [1] Symptoms vary from localized warmth and erythema (redness) [1] to joint pain and stiffness, to stinging pain that surrounds the joint around the inflamed bursa. [citation needed]
The prepatellar bursa and the olecranon bursa are the two bursae that are most likely to become infected, or septic. [10] Septic bursitis typically occurs when the trauma to the knee causes an abrasion, though it is also possible for the infection to be caused by bacteria traveling through the blood from a pre-existing infection site. [11]
The [deep] infrapatellar bursa is located under the patella, between the patellar ligament and the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule. It is communicating with the joint space in particular cases. Other less regularly present bursae include the subfascial prepatellar, the subtendinous prepatellar, and the subcutaneous prepatellar bursae.
Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the second most common knee injury, and is caused by inflammation located on the lateral aspect of the knee due to friction between the iliotibial band and the lateral epicondyle of the femur. [2] Pain is felt most commonly on the lateral aspect of the knee and is most intensive at 30 degrees of knee flexion. [2]
When the deep bursa is involved, bending the knee generally increases the pain. [2] Other conditions that may appear similar include patellar tendonitis and prepatellar bursitis. [5] Treatment is generally by rest, alternating between ice and heat, and NSAIDs. [1] Infrapatellar bursitis is relatively rare. [4]