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This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic data.
Drivers, processes, and impacts of sinking cities [1]. Sinking cities are urban environments that are in danger of disappearing due to their rapidly changing landscapes.The largest contributors to these cities becoming unlivable are the combined effects of climate change (manifested through sea level rise, intensifying storms, and storm surge), land subsidence, and accelerated urbanization. [2]
N. nadir. narrows. Also narrow. A land or water passage that is confined or restricted by its narrow breadth, often a strait or a water gap. nation. A stable community of people formed on the basis of a common geographic territory, language, economy, ethnicity, or psychological make-up as manifested in a common culture. national mapping agency.
A watering hole is a natural depression where water collects and animals come to drink. Karst closed depression with permanent lake Stymfalia, Peloponnese, Greece. Seasonal abundant precipitation drained by 3 sinkholes. In geology, a depression is a landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Depressions form by various mechanisms.
Sinkhole. A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water enters into underground passages known as ponor, swallow hole or swallet. [1][2][3][4] A ...
An estuary is a dynamic ecosystem having a connection to the open sea through which the sea water enters with the rhythm of the tides. The effects of tides on estuaries can show nonlinear effects on the movement of water which can have important impacts on the ecosystem and waterflow. The seawater entering the estuary is diluted by the fresh ...
Groundwater-related subsidence. Groundwater-related subsidence is the subsidence (or the sinking) of land resulting from unsustainable groundwater extraction. It is a growing problem in the developing world as cities increase in population and water use, without adequate pumping regulation and enforcement.
The endorheic basin that feeds water into Üüreg Lake, Mongolia NASA photo of the endorheic Tarim Basin, China. An endorheic basin (/ ˌ ɛ n d oʊ ˈ r iː. ɪ k / EN-doh-REE-ik; also endoreic basin and endorreic basin) is a drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other, external bodies of water (e.g. rivers and oceans); instead, the water drainage flows into ...